273 research outputs found
From Monomers to Self-Assembled Monolayers: The Evolution of Molecular Mobility with Structural Confinements
The effect of structural constriction on molecular mobility is investigated
by broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) within three types of molecular
arrangements: monomers, oligomers and self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). While
disordered monomers exhibit a variety of cooperative and local relaxation
processes, the constrained nanodomains of oligomers and highly ordered
structure of monolayers exhibit much hindered local molecular fluctuations.
Particularly, in SAMs, motions of the silane headgroups are totally prevented
whereas the polar endgroups forming the monolayer canopy show only one
cooperative relaxation process. This latter molecular fluctuation is, for the
first time, observed independently from other overlapping dielectric signals.
Numerous electrostatic interactions among those dipolar endgroups are
responsible for the strong cooperativity and heterogeneity of the canopy
relaxation process. Our data analyses also revealed that the bulkiness of
dipolar endgroups can disrupt the organization of the monolayer canopy thus
increasing their ability to fluctuate as temperature is increased
Boosting Language Models Reasoning with Chain-of-Knowledge Prompting
Recently, Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has delivered success on complex
reasoning tasks, which aims at designing a simple prompt like ``Let's think
step by step'' or multiple in-context exemplars with well-designed rationales
to elicit Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate intermediate reasoning
steps. However, the generated rationales often come with mistakes, making
unfactual and unfaithful reasoning chains. To mitigate this brittleness, we
propose a novel Chain-of-Knowledge (CoK) prompting, where we aim at eliciting
LLMs to generate explicit pieces of knowledge evidence in the form of structure
triple. This is inspired by our human behaviors, i.e., we can draw a mind map
or knowledge map as the reasoning evidence in the brain before answering a
complex question. Benefiting from CoK, we additionally introduce a
F^2-Verification method to estimate the reliability of the reasoning chains in
terms of factuality and faithfulness. For the unreliable response, the wrong
evidence can be indicated to prompt the LLM to rethink. Extensive experiments
demonstrate that our method can further improve the performance of commonsense,
factual, symbolic, and arithmetic reasoning tasks.Comment: Work in progres
TransCoder: Towards Unified Transferable Code Representation Learning Inspired by Human Skills
Code pre-trained models (CodePTMs) have recently demonstrated a solid
capacity to process various software intelligence tasks, e.g., code clone
detection, code translation, and code summarization. The current mainstream
method that deploys these models to downstream tasks is to fine-tune them on
individual tasks, which is generally costly and needs sufficient data for large
models. To tackle the issue, in this paper, we present TransCoder, a unified
Transferable fine-tuning strategy for Code representation learning. Inspired by
human inherent skills of knowledge generalization, TransCoder drives the model
to learn better code-related meta-knowledge like human programmers.
Specifically, we employ a tunable prefix encoder as the meta-learner to capture
cross-task and cross-language transferable knowledge, respectively. Besides,
tasks with minor training sample sizes and languages with small corpus can be
remarkably benefited from our approach. Extensive experiments conducted on
benchmark datasets clearly demonstrate that our method can lead to superior
performance on various code-related tasks and encourage mutual reinforcement.
We also show that TransCoder is applicable in low-resource scenarios.Comment: work in progres
SUATU KAJIAN TENTANG PENGGUNAAN PUTUSAN KASASI RNSEBAGAI ALAT BUKTI DALAM PENINJAUAN KEMBALI
ABSTRAKRIA MANDA SARI: SUATU KAJIAN TENTANG PENGGUNAAN2014PUTUSAN KASASI SEBAGAI ALAT BUKTI DALAM PENINJAUAN KEMBALIFakultas Hukum Universitas Syiah Kuala(vii, 55) pp., bibL.NURSITI, S.H., M.Hum.Pasal 263 ayat (2) huruf a KUHAP menyebutkan salah satu alasan diajukan peninjauan kembali adalah apabila terdapat keadaan baru yang menimbulkan dugaan kuat bahwa jika keadaan itu sudah diketahui pada sidang masih berlangsung, maka hasilnya akan menjadi putusan yang berbeda. Di dalam praktek timbul suatu masalah dimana terdakwa melakukan Peninjauan Kembali karena adanya kekeliruan yang nyata dalam hal kesalahan penerapan hukum oleh majelis hakim kasasi dalam hal menjatuhkan pemidanaan terhadap terdakwa dan alasan terdakwa melakukan peninjauan kembali yaitu karena adanya bukti baru (novum).Tujuan skripsi ini untuk mendapatkan kejelasan tentang penggunaan Putusan Kasasi sebagai alat bukti untuk Peninjauan Kembali dan untuk menjelaskan upaya hukum yang dapat dilakukan jika terdapat kekeliruan dalam Putusan Peninjauan Kembali.Data dalam skripsi ini diperoleh melalui penelitian kepustakaan dan penelitian lapangan. Penelitian kepustakaan dilakukan untuk memperoleh data sekunder dengan cara mempelajari buku-buku mengenai Peninjauan Kembali, peraturan perundang-undangan yang berhubungan dengan masalah yang diteliti. Penelitian lapangan dilakukan guna memperoleh data primer melalui wawancara dengan responden dan informan.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa Putusan Kasasi dapat dijadikan alat bukti, jika pada putusan tersebut dapat dinilai adanya pertentangan, kekeliruan, atau kekhilafan dari hakim, sehingga alat bukti baru berupa putusan pengadilan atau putusan Mahkamah Agung tersebut bisa dipertimbangkan sebagai alat bukti, asal relevan dan saling berhubungan.Jika Peninjauan Kembali terdapat kekeliruan maka tidak ada upaya hukum lain. Didasarkan pada KUHAP maka Peninjauan Kembali hanya dapat diajukan satu kali saja, namun dengan adanya Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No 34/PUU-XI/2013 maka Peninjauan Kembali dapat diajukan lebih dari satu kali.Hakim harus benar-benar cermat dalam memutuskan suatu perkara jangan hanya melihat kebiasaan-kebiasaan yang bersifat formal pada persidangan, namun hakim juga harus menggunakan putusan-putusan sebelumnya sebagai yurisprudensi. Disarankan kepada DPRRI agar dapat segera menyusun kebijakan untuk mengatur tatacara Peninjauan Kembali yang dapat diajukan lebih dari satu kali agar keadilan dapat tercapai tanpa mengenyampingkan kepastian hukum sesuai dengan Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No 34/PUU-XI/2013Banda Ace
- …